The correct option is Vidarbha.
Explanation
The demand for separate statehood in India typically arises from regional economic disparities, cultural distinctiveness, or administrative challenges. While Article 3 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to form new states, such demands are often driven by local political and developmental grievances.
- Vidarbha: This region is located in eastern Maharashtra. There has been a long-standing movement for a separate state of Vidarbha, primarily based on perceived economic neglect and developmental imbalances compared to the rest of Maharashtra. The Nagpur Pact of 1953 was intended to ensure equitable development, but grievances persist.
- Saurashtra: This is a region in Gujarat. It existed as a separate state from 1948 to 1956 before being merged into Bombay State and subsequently becoming part of Gujarat in 1960. It is not in Maharashtra.
- Bodoland: This region is located in Assam. The movement here demands a separate state carved out of Assam to protect the identity and rights of the Bodo people.
- Gorkhaland: This region is located in the northern part of West Bengal. The demand is for a separate state for the Gorkhas, carved out of West Bengal.
Key Takeaway: Vidarbha is the specific region within Maharashtra associated with a movement for separate statehood, driven largely by issues of regional underdevelopment.