The correct option is Education.
Explanation
The distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States is governed by Article 246 and the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The Schedule comprises three lists: the Union List (List I), the State List (List II), and the Concurrent List (List III).Option Analysis:
- Education Education: Correct. Originally, Education was a subject under the State List. However, it was transferred to the Concurrent List (Entry 25) by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976. This allows both the Parliament and State Legislatures to frame laws regarding education, including technical education, medical education, and universities.
- Railways Railways: Incorrect. Railways fall under the Union List (Entry 22). The central government retains exclusive power to legislate on matters concerning the national railway network.
- Post and Telegraph Post and Telegraph: Incorrect. Posts and Telegraphs, telephones, wireless, broadcasting, and other like forms of communication are subjects under the Union List (Entry 31).
- Liquor Liquor: Incorrect. "Intoxicating liquors, that is to say, the production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase and sale of intoxicating liquors" is a subject under the State List (Entry 8).
Key Takeaway:
Education, Forests, Weights and Measures, Protection of Wild Animals and Birds, and Administration of Justice were the five subjects transferred from the State List to the Concurrent List by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.