The attainment of enlightenment by the Buddha
Explanation
Early Buddhist art, particularly during the Hinayana phase (roughly 2nd century BCE to 1st century CE), was characterized by aniconism. During this period, sculptors did not depict the Buddha in human form. Instead, his presence and major life events were represented through specific symbols and motifs.
Analysis of the Motif:
- The empty seat (or throne) beneath a tree is a direct reference to the event of the Buddha's Enlightenment (Nirvana) at Bodh Gaya.
- The tree represents the Bodhi Tree (Ficus religiosa), under which Siddhartha Gautama meditated.
- The empty seat signifies his presence and the attainment of Buddhahood without resorting to anthropomorphic representation.
Other Key Symbols in Early Buddhist Art:
- Lotus and Bull: Symbolize the Birth of the Buddha.
- Horse: Symbolizes the Great Departure (Mahabhinishkramana).
- Wheel (Dharmachakra): Symbolizes the First Sermon at Sarnath (Dharmachakrapravartana).
- Stupa: Symbolizes the Great Decease (Mahaparinirvana).
Key Takeaway:
In early Buddhist art (Sanchi, Bharhut), the empty seat beneath the Bodhi tree serves as an aniconic symbol for the Enlightenment of the Buddha.