Consider the following subjects: 1. Cyber Laws 2. Agriculture 3. Forests 4. Banking Which of the above are correctly categorized under the State List?

The correct option is B. Explanation The distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States is governed by the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, which contains three lists: the Union List (List I), the State List (List II), and the Concurrent List (List III). Subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists fall under Residuary Powers. 1. Cyber Laws: Incorrect. Cyber laws are categorized under Residuary Powers. According to Article 248 of the Constitution, the Union Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Since Information Technology was not envisioned at the time of the Constitution's inception, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Union. 2. Agriculture: Correct. Agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases, is listed under Entry 14 of the State List (List II). 3. Forests: Incorrect. Forests were originally part of the State List. However, they were transferred to the Concurrent List (List III) via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. This allows both the Union and State governments to legislate on the subject, with Union laws prevailing in case of conflict. 4. Banking: Incorrect. Banking is a subject of national importance requiring uniform policy across the country. It is listed under Entry 45 of the Union List (List I). Key Takeaway: While Agriculture remains a State subject, Forests are under the Concurrent List, Banking is under the Union List, and modern technological subjects like Cyber Laws fall under the Residuary Powers of the Union.

NCERT Class 11 Political Science — Chapter 2: Federalism

mcqmedium

Consider the following subjects:

Cyber Laws
Agriculture
Forests
Banking

Which of the above are correctly categorized under the State List?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1, 3 and 4
B2 only
C1 only
D2 and 4 only

Did you get this right?

Solution

The correct option is B.

Explanation

The distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States is governed by the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution of India, which contains three lists: the Union List (List I), the State List (List II), and the Concurrent List (List III). Subjects not mentioned in any of the three lists fall under Residuary Powers.

Cyber Laws: Incorrect. Cyber laws are categorized under Residuary Powers. According to Article 248 of the Constitution, the Union Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Since Information Technology was not envisioned at the time of the Constitution's inception, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Union.
Agriculture: Correct. Agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases, is listed under Entry 14 of the State List (List II).
Forests: Incorrect. Forests were originally part of the State List. However, they were transferred to the Concurrent List (List III) via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. This allows both the Union and State governments to legislate on the subject, with Union laws prevailing in case of conflict.
Banking: Incorrect. Banking is a subject of national importance requiring uniform policy across the country. It is listed under Entry 45 of the Union List (List I).

Key Takeaway: While Agriculture remains a State subject, Forests are under the Concurrent List, Banking is under the Union List, and modern technological subjects like Cyber Laws fall under the Residuary Powers of the Union.

Your note

More from Chapter 2: Federalism

Consider the following statements regarding the evolution of state boundaries in India: 1. At the time of independence, the provinces were organized primarily based on linguistic distinctiveness to ensure cultural homogeneity. 2. The integration of princely states involved their merger into existing provinces or the creation of new administrative units. 3. The renaming of states, such as Mysore to Karnataka, reflects the constitutional flexibility regarding the identity of constituent units. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

medium

hard

With reference to the essential characteristics of a federal system, consider the following statements: 1. It mandates a system of dual citizenship to foster regional and national loyalties simultaneously. 2. It requires a written constitution that serves as the supreme source of power for both the central and regional governments. 3. It necessitates an independent judiciary to adjudicate disputes regarding the division of powers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

medium

Which statement best describes the Indian Constitution's approach to federalism?

medium

Article 1 of the Constitution describes India as:

medium

Keep practising Chapter 2: Federalism

Work through every question from this NCERT chapter.

Browse all NCERT Class 11 Political Science chapters

The correct option is B.

Explanation

Cyber Laws: Incorrect. Cyber laws are categorized under Residuary Powers. According to Article 248 of the Constitution, the Union Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List. Since Information Technology was not envisioned at the time of the Constitution's inception, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Union.
Agriculture: Correct. Agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases, is listed under Entry 14 of the State List (List II).
Forests: Incorrect. Forests were originally part of the State List. However, they were transferred to the Concurrent List (List III) via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976. This allows both the Union and State governments to legislate on the subject, with Union laws prevailing in case of conflict.
Banking: Incorrect. Banking is a subject of national importance requiring uniform policy across the country. It is listed under Entry 45 of the Union List (List I).