The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Vascular bundles are a collection of strand-like tissues in plants responsible for the transport of water, minerals, and food. They constitute the vascular tissue system, which is a defining characteristic of higher plants (tracheophytes).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Vascular bundles are primarily constituted by Xylem and Phloem. Parenchyma and Collenchyma are classified as simple permanent tissues (composed of only one type of cell). While vascular bundles may contain associated parenchymatous cells (e.g., xylem parenchyma), they are not constituted by Parenchyma and Collenchyma only.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Vascular bundles (Xylem and Phloem) are examples of complex permanent tissues. Unlike simple tissues, complex tissues are made of more than one type of cell that work together as a unit to perform a specific function (conduction).
- Statement 3 is Correct. The development of vascular tissues (Xylem for water/minerals and Phloem for food) is a fundamental evolutionary adaptation that allowed plants to survive in terrestrial environments. This system enables the transport of essential resources over long distances against gravity, allowing plants to grow vertically and colonize land effectively.
Key Takeaway:
Vascular bundles consist of Xylem and Phloem, which are complex permanent tissues essential for the survival of plants in terrestrial habitats due to their role in transport and mechanical support.