Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Permanent tissues in plants are broadly classified into two categories based on their cellular composition: Simple Permanent Tissues (composed of similar cells) and Complex Permanent Tissues (composed of different types of cells). Complex tissues are specialized for the transport of water, minerals, and food materials.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Complex permanent tissues are defined by their heterogeneity. Unlike simple tissues (such as parenchyma), they are made of more than one type of cell. Despite structural differences, these cells share a common origin.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The defining characteristic of a tissue is coordination. In complex permanent tissues, the various types of cells do not function independently. Instead, they work together as a coordinated unit to perform a specific common function, such as vascular transport.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Xylem and Phloem are the primary examples of complex permanent tissues in vascular plants.
- Xylem: Generally consists of tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres. It conducts water and minerals.
- Phloem: Generally consists of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres. It transports organic food.
Key Takeaway
Complex permanent tissues differ from simple permanent tissues because they consist of multiple cell types that coordinate to function as a single unit. The primary examples are the vascular tissues: Xylem and Phloem.