The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The fundamental differences between plants and animals arise from their distinct modes of existence. Plants are stationary (sedentary) organisms that manufacture their own food, while animals are generally motile heterotrophs that actively search for food. These differences dictate their structural organization, growth patterns, and energy requirements.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Plants are stationary and must withstand environmental forces such as wind and gravity while maintaining an upright structure. Consequently, they possess a large quantity of supportive tissue (such as sclerenchyma and xylem). In mature plants, the majority of these supportive cells are dead, providing mechanical strength without the need for metabolic maintenance.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The pattern of growth differs significantly between the two groups. Growth in plants is restricted to specific regions containing dividing tissue known as meristems (e.g., apical, lateral, and intercalary meristems). In contrast, growth in animals is generally uniform or diffuse throughout the body until the organism reaches maturity. The statement incorrectly reverses these characteristics.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Animals require active locomotion to search for food, shelter, and mates. This mobility, combined with complex organ systems (such as the nervous and muscular systems), results in significantly higher energy consumption compared to plants, which are sedentary and have lower metabolic rates.
Key Takeaway: Plant growth is localized (meristematic) and indefinite, whereas animal growth is uniform and definite. Structurally, plants rely heavily on dead supportive tissues for mechanical strength, while animals consume more energy due to locomotion.