The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) were introduced in the Indian electoral system to modernize the voting process, ensure accuracy, and address logistical challenges associated with the traditional paper ballot system.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: While EVMs were first used on an experimental basis in the Paravur Assembly Constituency of Kerala in 1982, they were deployed across the entire country for the first time during the General Elections to the Lok Sabha in 2004. Prior to this, they were used in select constituencies during state assembly elections in 1998 and 1999.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The introduction of EVMs was not driven solely by the need to increase the speed of counting. The objectives included eliminating the possibility of invalid votes (which was frequent with paper ballots), reducing the scope for booth capturing (by limiting the rate of vote casting to 5 per minute), and conserving environmental resources.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The transition to EVMs in the 2004 General Elections resulted in significant environmental benefits. It is estimated that the use of EVMs saved approximately 1.5 lakh trees, which would have otherwise been cut to produce the roughly 8,000 tonnes of paper required for printing ballot papers.
Key Takeaway:
The 2004 General Election marked the first nationwide implementation of EVMs in India. The shift from paper ballots primarily aimed to eliminate invalid votes and conserve paper, in addition to streamlining the counting process.