Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The rock paintings of India are divided into distinct historical phases, with the earliest dating back to the Upper Palaeolithic period. These paintings are primarily found in the sandstone rock shelters of Central India, most notably at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The earliest paintings, belonging to the Upper Palaeolithic phase, are found in the rock shelters of Central India. The Bhimbetka rock shelters in Madhya Pradesh are the most significant site, containing layers of paintings from various periods.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The paintings of the Upper Palaeolithic phase are not executed exclusively in white. According to standard archaeological classifications (such as those for Bhimbetka), these early paintings are typically linear representations executed in green and dark red. The use of white became more prominent in later periods, such as the Mesolithic.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The subject matter of the Upper Palaeolithic paintings is characterized by huge animal figures, such as bisons, elephants, tigers, rhinos, and boars. These large animals are often depicted alongside stick-like human figures, highlighting the contrast in scale and the early artistic focus on formidable fauna.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: Upper Palaeolithic paintings are distinguished by linear representations in green and dark red featuring huge animals and stick-like humans, whereas Mesolithic paintings are smaller in size and predominantly depict hunting scenes.