The correct option is (a).
Explanation
In early tribal societies, social organization was based on kinship and shared community living. The division of labor was generally flexible, with tasks distributed among men, women, and children to ensure the sustenance of the tribe. These practices are documented in historical accounts of early settlements and tribal customs.
Statement 1 is Correct:
In tribal communities, children were actively involved in the economic life of the group. They were assigned tasks suitable for their age, such as looking after plants and driving away animals and birds that might damage crops or eat the grain.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The cleaning of animals and milking was not restricted exclusively to women. Historical texts and anthropological studies of early tribes indicate that these tasks were performed by both men and women. While men generally led large herds to pasture, the maintenance tasks within the settlement were shared.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Craft production was not a gender-exclusive domain in these early societies. Both men and women participated in making pots, baskets, tools, and huts. The rigid gender-based segregation of such crafts is a feature of later stratified societies, not the early tribal setup.
Key Takeaway:
Early tribal societies were characterized by a shared division of labor where men and women often collaborated on tasks like milking, cleaning animals, and craft-making, rather than adhering to strict gender exclusivity.