Chirand
Explanation
The Neolithic Age in India marked the transition to settled life, characterized by the beginning of agriculture and animal domestication. Archaeological excavations across different regions have yielded distinct evidence of crops suited to local climatic conditions.
- Chirand (Bihar): Located in the Saran district on the banks of the Ganga, this site is significant for its mid-Gangetic Neolithic culture. Excavations here have revealed evidence of Green Gram (Moong), along with wheat, barley, and rice. Chirand is also uniquely known for yielding a large number of bone tools made from deer antlers.
- Burzahom (Kashmir): This site is famous for pit dwellings and the burial of dogs with their masters. Agricultural evidence primarily includes wheat, barley, and lentils, but not specifically green gram.
- Gufkral (Kashmir): Literally meaning "Cave of the Potter," this site has yielded evidence of wheat and barley.
- Mahagara (Uttar Pradesh): Located in the Belan Valley, this site is historically significant for providing early evidence of rice cultivation and a cattle pen.
Key Takeaway: Chirand is the specific Neolithic site in the mid-Ganga valley known for the archaeological recovery of Green Gram and a prolific bone tool industry.