The correct option is (b) 2 only.
Explanation
The "Silk Route" refers to the ancient network of trade routes that connected China with the West (including the Roman Empire). While named after the lucrative silk trade, these routes facilitated the exchange of various commodities, culture, and technology.Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Silk was not transported only via land routes. While the overland Silk Road through Central Asian mountains and deserts was prominent, the Maritime Silk Road (sea routes) was also extensively used to transport silk and other goods from China to Southeast Asia, India, and the Roman Empire.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The overland journey was hazardous due to difficult terrain and the threat of bandits. People and local chieftains living along the trade corridors often demanded payments, tolls, or tribute from traders in exchange for safe passage and protection.
Key Takeaway: The silk trade relied on both overland and maritime networks. Major powers of the time, such as the Kushanas, gained significant wealth and power by controlling the Silk Route and levying tolls on traders.