The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Tehsildar is a key officer in the district administration, responsible for revenue collection and general administration at the Tehsil (Taluka) level. They function as Executive Magistrates and preside over Revenue Courts within the administrative hierarchy.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Tehsildar is primarily known as a Revenue Officer. Their core function involves the collection of land revenue, maintenance of land records, and supervision of subordinate revenue officials like the Patwari and Kanungo.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Tehsildar is not independent; they are part of a hierarchical structure. They work under the supervision and control of the Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) and are ultimately subordinate to the District Collector, who heads the district revenue administration.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Tehsildars play a significant role in land disputes. Acting as a Revenue Court, they are empowered to hear and decide cases regarding mutation of land, boundary disputes, and correction of land records.
Key Takeaway:
The Tehsildar is a subordinate revenue officer and Executive Magistrate subject to the control of the District Collector, with specific judicial powers to adjudicate land and revenue-related disputes.