The correct option is (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation
Rural administration is divided into specific departments with distinct mandates to ensure efficient governance. The Revenue Department is responsible for land records and tax collection, while the Police Department is responsible for the maintenance of law and order.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Assertion (A): Incorrect. The Station House Officer (SHO) is the officer in charge of a police station. Their primary duty is to register complaints (FIRs) and investigate crimes. The authority responsible for measuring land and maintaining land revenue records in rural areas is the Patwari (also known as Lekhpal, Kanungo, or Village Administrative Officer), who functions under the Revenue Department.
- Reason (R): Correct. The primary mandate of the police department is the maintenance of law and order. Land disputes frequently lead to conflicts, arguments, or violence. In such situations, the police are responsible for intervening to prevent a breach of peace and enforcing the law.
Key Takeaway:
There is a strict separation of powers in rural administration: the Patwari (Revenue Department) handles land measurement and records, while the SHO (Police Department) handles law and order issues arising from disputes.