The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Harappan Civilization maintained a highly standardized system of weights and measures to regulate exchanges across its vast geographical extent. These weights are significant indicators of the civilization's economic integration and craft specialization.
Statement 1 is Correct:
The standard Harappan weights were usually made of a stone called chert. They were generally cubical in shape and had no markings. This uniformity in material and shape across different Harappan sites suggests a centralized control or a widely accepted commercial standard.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Archaeological evidence and standard historical texts indicate that these specific stone weights, particularly the smaller ones, were primarily used for weighing jewellery and beads (precious stones and metals). Weighing bulk commodities like grains in granaries would typically involve volume measures or larger, less precise methods, rather than the precision chert weights associated with high-value trade.
Key Takeaway:
Harappan weights were made of chert, were cubical, and followed a binary system in lower denominations (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.) and a decimal system in higher denominations.