The correct option is (c) Both 1 and 2.
Explanation
The Harappan civilization possessed a highly developed and standardized lithic (stone) industry. Despite the knowledge of copper and bronze, stone tools remained an essential part of the daily economy and craft production.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The stone blades found in Harappan contexts are characteristically long and parallel-sided. They were manufactured using a specialized pressure-flaking technique (often called the fluting technique) to detach long, narrow blades from prepared cores. These are frequently referred to as "ribbon flakes" due to their uniform shape and sharp edges.
- Statement 2 is Correct: These blades were a common utilitarian tool found in almost all Harappan settlements, including major cities like Mohenjodaro and Harappa. They were used for various purposes such as cutting, scraping, and agricultural harvesting. The raw material, primarily greyish-brown chert, was often sourced from the Rohri hills in Sindh (Pakistan) and distributed widely across the civilization.
Key Takeaway: The Mature Harappan lithic industry is defined by the mass production of standardized, long, parallel-sided blades made chiefly from Rohri chert.