The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Bengal School of Art was a nationalist art movement that emerged in the early 20th century in Calcutta. Led by Abanindranath Tagore, it sought to counter the Western academic style of painting by reviving Indian traditional techniques and aesthetics, such as the wash technique and themes from Indian mythology and history.
Statement 1 is Correct: Although the movement originated in Calcutta, it became a pan-Indian phenomenon. Its influence spread to Shantiniketan (under Nandalal Bose), Lahore (influenced by artists like A.R. Chughtai), and South India (through students of Abanindranath Tagore).
Statement 2 is Incorrect: K. Venkatappa was a student of Abanindranath Tagore and is widely credited with spreading the Bengal School style in South India (specifically Mysore). He was not a critic of the school; rather, he was one of its early proponents who adopted its techniques, although he later developed a distinct personal style.
Statement 3 is Correct: The school's influence extended to Gujarat, where artists like Ravishankar Raval were inspired by its ideals. In Lahore, Abdur Rahman Chughtai integrated the Bengal School's wash technique with Mughal and Persian traditions to create a distinct style.
Key Takeaway: The Bengal School of Art was not limited to Bengal; it influenced modern Indian art across the subcontinent, including Gujarat, Lahore, and South India, through the migration and teaching of Abanindranath Tagore's disciples.