The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Koldihwa is a significant archaeological site situated in the Belan Valley, representing the transition from the Neolithic to the Chalcolithic phase. It is historically crucial for providing early evidence of agriculture in the Vindhyan region.Statement 1 is Incorrect: Koldihwa is located in the Belan Valley in the Allahabad district (now Prayagraj) of Uttar Pradesh. It is not located in Rajasthan.
Statement 2 is Correct: The site yielded evidence of rice (Oryza sativa). Impressions of rice husks were found embedded in the clay of pottery shards excavated at the site. This is considered one of the earliest evidences of rice cultivation in the Indian subcontinent.
Statement 3 is Correct: Excavations at Koldihwa yielded fragmentary animal bones. Analysis of these remains indicates the presence of domesticated animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as bones of wild animals like deer and boar, suggesting a subsistence pattern based on both farming and animal husbandry.
Key Takeaway: Koldihwa (Uttar Pradesh) is a key Neolithic site in the Belan Valley, distinguished by the earliest evidence of rice cultivation and the domestication of cattle.