Correct Option
The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Both Jainism and Buddhism belong to the Shramana tradition, which challenged the authority of the Vedas and emphasized asceticism. A central tenet of both faiths was the necessity of renouncing worldly life to pursue spiritual liberation.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Both Mahavira and the Buddha taught that true knowledge and enlightenment could only be attained by those who completely abandoned their domestic lives. They believed that attachment to the household was an impediment to spiritual progress, making renunciation (leaving home) a mandatory step for the highest spiritual goals.
- Statement 2 is Correct: To facilitate the spiritual practice of those who left their homes, both teachers organized the Sangha. The Sangha was an association or monastic order where monks (bhikkhus) and nuns (bhikkhunis) lived together, followed a disciplined code of conduct, and practiced the teachings (Dhamma/Dharma) in a communal setting.
Key Takeaway
Renunciation of the household life and membership in the Sangha (monastic order) are fundamental similarities shared by both Jainism and Buddhism as prerequisites for attaining true knowledge.