The correct option is (c) Both 1 and 2.
Explanation
In a democratic setup, the media is often referred to as the "Fourth Estate." It acts as a vital link between the government and the citizens, ensuring transparency and accountability. While not a formal constitutional feature, the media facilitates the democratic process by shaping public opinion and scrutinizing government actions.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Media reports highlight specific problems, policy failures, or public grievances. To maintain transparency and address these concerns, the government often organizes press conferences to explain its stance, justify its actions, or announce corrective measures.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Discussions and debates in the media generate public opinion and awareness regarding social and political issues. In a parliamentary democracy, the government is sensitive to public sentiment. Consequently, sustained media coverage often compels the government to acknowledge and respond to pressing public issues.
Key Takeaway: The media functions as a watchdog in a democracy, enforcing accountability by highlighting public grievances and compelling the government to explain its actions and respond to citizens' needs.