Consider the following statements regarding the representation of the Buddha in art: 1. In earlier Buddhism, the Buddha’s presence was shown in sculpture by using certain signs. 2. The peepal tree sculpture was used to indicate the Buddha's birth. 3. With the rise of Mahayana, statues of the Buddha began to be made in Mathura and Taxila. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Correct Option The correct option is (b). Explanation The representation of the Buddha in Indian art evolved from an aniconic phase (using symbols) to an iconic phase (using human forms). This transition is closely linked to the doctrinal shift from early Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism. Statement-wise Analysis - Statement 1 is Correct: In the early period of Buddhism (often associated with the Hinayana phase), the Buddha was not depicted in human form. Sculptors used symbols to indicate his presence. For example, an empty throne or footprints represented his physical presence, while a wheel represented his teaching. - Statement 2 is Incorrect: The symbols in Buddhist art correspond to specific events in the Buddha's life. The Peepal tree (Bodhi tree) symbolizes Enlightenment (Sambodhi), as Siddhartha attained enlightenment under this tree. The Birth of the Buddha is symbolized by the Lotus and Bull. - Statement 3 is Correct: With the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, the practice of idol worship and the depiction of the Buddha in human form became prevalent. Consequently, statues of the Buddha began to be produced in major art centers, specifically in Mathura and Taxila (Gandhara School). Key Takeaway Evolution of Buddhist Art: - Aniconic Symbols: Lotus/Bull (Birth), Horse (Renunciation), Bodhi Tree (Enlightenment), Wheel (First Sermon), Stupa (Mahaparinirvana). - Iconic Statues: Emerged with Mahayana Buddhism in the Mathura and Gandhara schools.

NCERT Class 6 History — Chapter 9: Traders, kings and pilgrims

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Consider the following statements regarding the representation of the Buddha in art:

In earlier Buddhism, the Buddha’s presence was shown in sculpture by using certain signs.
The peepal tree sculpture was used to indicate the Buddha's birth.
With the rise of Mahayana, statues of the Buddha began to be made in Mathura and Taxila.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Official previous-year question

Verified 1 Aug 2026.

Options

A1 only
B1 and 3 only
C2 and 3 only
D1, 2 and 3

Did you get this right?

Solution

Correct Option

The correct option is (b).

Explanation

The representation of the Buddha in Indian art evolved from an aniconic phase (using symbols) to an iconic phase (using human forms). This transition is closely linked to the doctrinal shift from early Buddhism to Mahayana Buddhism.

Statement-wise Analysis

Statement 1 is Correct: In the early period of Buddhism (often associated with the Hinayana phase), the Buddha was not depicted in human form. Sculptors used symbols to indicate his presence. For example, an empty throne or footprints represented his physical presence, while a wheel represented his teaching.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: The symbols in Buddhist art correspond to specific events in the Buddha's life. The Peepal tree (Bodhi tree) symbolizes Enlightenment (Sambodhi), as Siddhartha attained enlightenment under this tree. The Birth of the Buddha is symbolized by the Lotus and Bull.
Statement 3 is Correct: With the rise of Mahayana Buddhism, the practice of idol worship and the depiction of the Buddha in human form became prevalent. Consequently, statues of the Buddha began to be produced in major art centers, specifically in Mathura and Taxila (Gandhara School).

Key Takeaway

Evolution of Buddhist Art:

Aniconic Symbols: Lotus/Bull (Birth), Horse (Renunciation), Bodhi Tree (Enlightenment), Wheel (First Sermon), Stupa (Mahaparinirvana).
Iconic Statues: Emerged with Mahayana Buddhism in the Mathura and Gandhara schools.

Your note

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