Correct Option
The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
Public health and the provision of clean drinking water are critical components of social welfare and disease prevention. In the Indian Constitution, Article 47 (under Directive Principles of State Policy) specifically directs the State to regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Clean drinking water is a fundamental determinant of health. Contaminated water is a primary vector for pathogens that cause diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. Access to safe water significantly reduces the incidence of these illnesses.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Water-borne diseases are highly preventable through effective public health measures. Interventions such as water purification (chlorination, filtration), proper sewage disposal, sanitation drives, and hygiene education are proven methods to prevent the spread of water-borne infections. The statement incorrectly claims that no measures can prevent them.
Key Takeaway
Article 47 mandates the State to improve public health. Water-borne diseases are preventable through systemic public health interventions like sanitation and the supply of potable water.