The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
In a democratic system, the government derives its legitimacy from the people. The Constitution of India, particularly through the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), mandates the State to function as a 'Welfare State', ensuring social and economic justice for its citizens.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: In a democracy, the government is elected by the people and is accountable to them. Consequently, citizens expect the government to formulate and implement policies that ensure their well-being, such as providing education, healthcare, employment, and infrastructure. This expectation aligns with the constitutional objective of promoting the welfare of the people (Article 38).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While privatization can be a tool for economic efficiency in certain sectors, it is not the sole method to achieve welfare. A Welfare State typically employs a mixed economy model where both the public and private sectors coexist. The government plays a crucial role in providing public goods and services that the private sector may not supply affordably or equitably. Asserting that welfare can only be achieved through the privatization of all state assets contradicts the principle of state responsibility in key sectors like health, education, and strategic industries.
Key Takeaway:
A democratic government is fundamentally responsible for the welfare of its people, a goal achieved through a balanced approach involving both state intervention and private participation, rather than absolute privatization.