The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-sponsored chain of Fair Price Shops (FPS) entrusted with the task of distributing basic food and non-food commodities to the needy sections of society at subsidized rates. It serves as a primary instrument for ensuring food security and alleviating poverty.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The PDS is fundamentally a mechanism for the collective provision of food security. It involves the procurement of food grains by the government (via the Food Corporation of India) and their distribution to ensure availability and affordability for the population.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The functioning of the PDS is directly relevant to the nutritional status of the population. An effective PDS ensures that poor households have access to essential calories at low costs, which improves overall food intake and nutritional health. Conversely, inefficiencies in the system can exacerbate malnutrition.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Tamil Nadu is widely recognized for its efficient and extensive PDS network. Unlike many states that strictly restricted access under the Targeted PDS (TPDS) model, Tamil Nadu maintained a universal or near-universal access model for a long period. Consequently, a very high percentage of rural households in Tamil Nadu utilize ration shops to procure food grains.
Key Takeaway:
The Public Distribution System is essential for maintaining food security and nutritional standards among the poor. State-level implementation varies, with Tamil Nadu serving as a benchmark for high coverage and utilization in rural areas.