Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The 'Rule of Law' is a foundational principle of the Indian Constitution, largely derived from British jurisprudence (A.V. Dicey). It postulates that the law is supreme and that all authority must be exercised in accordance with established legal principles, rather than the arbitrary will of individuals.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: One of the core tenets of the Rule of Law is 'Equality before the Law'. This implies that every individual, regardless of rank, position, or socio-economic status, is subject to the ordinary law of the land and the jurisdiction of ordinary courts. No person is above the law.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Rule of Law establishes the supremacy of the law (and in the Indian context, the supremacy of the Constitution), not the supremacy of the judiciary over the Constitution. The Constitution is the source of power for all organs of the state, including the judiciary. The judiciary interprets the law but remains bound by the Constitution.
- Statement 3 is Correct: By ensuring that governance is based on laws rather than the arbitrary will of rulers ("Lex Rex" instead of "Rex Lex"), the Rule of Law acts as a check against authoritarianism. It prevents the concentration of arbitrary power, thereby safeguarding democracy from transitioning into an individual or group dictatorship.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Rule of Law signifies the absolute supremacy of law over arbitrary power and ensures equality before the law. It is a part of the Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution.