The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Prehistoric rock art in India is geographically distributed across various regions, with distinct characteristics in Central India (Mesolithic focus) and South India (Neolithic focus). The geological canvas and thematic content vary based on the region's topography and the lifestyle of its prehistoric inhabitants.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The prehistoric paintings in South India are primarily found on granite formations. The granite rocks of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh provided the necessary surface for Neolithic artists. In contrast, the rock paintings of Central India (such as Bhimbetka in the Vindhyan ranges) are predominantly found on sandstone formations.
Statement 2 is Correct: The themes of South Indian prehistoric art largely reflect a pastoral economy. Bulls are the most common subject depicted in these paintings, signifying the importance of cattle rearing during the Neolithic period in this region. Other subjects include elephants, sambhars, sheep, and stylized human figures.
Statement 3 is Correct: Kupgallu (Bellary district), Piklihal (Raichur district), and Tekkalkota are famous prehistoric sites located in Karnataka. These sites are significant for their rock paintings and petroglyphs, which provide evidence of the artistic and cultural life of Neolithic settlers in South India.
Key Takeaway: A major distinction in Indian prehistoric art is that Central Indian sites (Mesolithic) are characterized by hunting scenes on sandstone, whereas South Indian sites (Neolithic) are characterized by cattle-rearing themes (bulls) on granite rocks.