The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Natural phenomena such as thunderstorms, earthquakes, and cyclones are governed by physical processes involving thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, and tectonic activity. The ability to predict these events depends on the nature of the forces involved and the availability of monitoring technology.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Thunderstorms develop frequently in hot, humid tropical areas like India. The high temperatures in these regions cause strong upward rising winds. These winds carry water droplets upwards, where they freeze and fall again. The swift movement of the falling water droplets along with the rising air creates lightning and sound, characterizing a thunderstorm.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Current scientific capabilities cannot predict earthquakes accurately days in advance. While seismologists can identify seismic zones and long-term probabilities, the exact timing, location, and magnitude of an earthquake cannot be forecasted with precision before the event occurs.
Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Cyclones are not unpredictable. With the help of advanced technology such as satellites and radars, the formation and path of cyclones can be tracked effectively. Cyclone alerts are typically issued 48 hours in advance, and warnings are broadcasted 24 hours before the cyclone hits the coast, allowing for timely evacuation and preparation.
Key Takeaway:
Atmospheric phenomena like cyclones can be predicted and tracked with reasonable accuracy using modern meteorological tools, whereas tectonic events like earthquakes remain unpredictable in the short term.