The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The phenomenon described is charging by friction (triboelectric effect). When two suitable insulating objects are rubbed against each other, electrons are transferred from one object to the other. This results in one object becoming positively charged (losing electrons) and the other becoming negatively charged (gaining electrons).
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. A plastic refill is an insulator. When rubbed with polythene, friction facilitates the transfer of electrons between the two materials. Consequently, the plastic refill acquires a small electric charge. It is a standard example of generating static electricity.
- Statement 2 is Correct. According to the law of conservation of charge, charge is neither created nor destroyed but transferred. When a plastic comb is rubbed with dry hair, electrons are transferred from the hair to the comb. As a result, the comb acquires a negative charge, and the hair acquires an equal positive charge. Thus, both objects get charged.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The charges generated by rubbing insulators are stationary; they do not move or flow by themselves as they would in a conductor. Therefore, this form of electricity is termed static electricity.
Key Takeaway:
Rubbing two different insulators together causes a transfer of electrons, resulting in static electric charges on both objects. One becomes positive and the other negative, adhering to the principle of conservation of charge.