The correct option is 1 and 3 only
Explanation
Scientific instruments are designed to detect, measure, or protect against specific physical phenomena such as electric charge, seismic activity, or atmospheric discharges.- Pair 1 is correctly matched: An Electroscope is a scientific instrument used to detect the presence of electric charge on a body. It operates on the principle of electrostatic repulsion, where leaves (usually gold) diverge when charged.
- Pair 2 is incorrectly matched: A Seismograph is an instrument used to detect and record ground motion caused by earthquakes (seismic waves). The instrument used to measure ocean depth is typically a Fathometer or Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging).
- Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Richter Scale is a quantitative scale used to measure the magnitude (energy released) of an earthquake.
- Pair 4 is incorrectly matched: A Lightning Conductor is a metal rod mounted on a building to protect it from lightning strikes. It provides a low-resistance path for the electric discharge to flow safely into the ground. It does not generate electricity.
Key Takeaway: An electroscope detects static electric charge, whereas a lightning conductor grounds atmospheric discharge to protect structures. Seismographs record seismic waves, while the Richter scale quantifies their magnitude.