The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Pala School of Painting is recognized as the earliest example of miniature painting in India. It developed under the patronage of the Pala dynasty and is primarily associated with illustrated palm-leaf manuscripts depicting Buddhist themes.
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Pala School flourished in Eastern India (specifically in Bengal and Bihar) during the 8th to 12th centuries. It was the Western Indian School (also known as the Jain or Apabhramsa School) that flourished in Western India (Gujarat and Rajasthan) during the 11th and 12th centuries.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Pala style is characterized by sinuous, flowing lines and subdued, naturalistic tones, reflecting a continuity of the classical Ajanta tradition. This is distinct from the Jain (Western Indian) tradition, which is known for angular lines, sharp features, protruding eyes, and the use of flat, bright colors.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita (The Perfection of Wisdom) is a quintessential example of a Pala Buddhist palm-leaf manuscript. These manuscripts typically contain illustrations of Buddhist deities and scenes from the life of Buddha, executed on palm leaves.
Key Takeaway: The Pala School represents the Eastern School of miniature painting (Buddhist, naturalistic, sinuous lines), whereas the contemporary Western School (Jain, angular lines, protruding eyes) flourished in Gujarat and Rajasthan.