Correct Option
The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The painting Ragini Pathamsika of Raga Hindola is a significant example of the Deccan School of Miniature Painting, specifically from the Bijapur sub-school. This school flourished under the patronage of the Adil Shahi dynasty, particularly under Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II, who was a great patron of arts and music.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The painting dates back to approximately 1590-95 A.D. and is attributed to Bijapur. It is part of a Ragamala series commissioned during the reign of Ibrahim Adil Shah II, reflecting his deep interest in music (he composed the Kitab-i-Nauras).
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Bijapur school is characterized by a synthesis of indigenous and foreign styles. It is not devoid of Persian influence; rather, it exhibits strong Persian elements, such as the treatment of the golden sky, the rendering of rocks, and the colour palette. While it shares some affinities with Northern styles, it is distinct from the Rajasthani style in its mood, elongated figures, and specific Deccani colour schemes.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The composition includes specific symbolic and decorative elements. A dark elephant is depicted in the left-hand corner of the painting, which is interpreted as a sign of welcome or an auspicious symbol within the visual narrative of the Raga.
Key Takeaway
Bijapur paintings (Deccan School) are known for their rich colour schemes, dreamlike atmosphere, and a unique blend of Persian and indigenous influences. They often depict musical themes (Ragamala) reflecting the cultural priorities of patrons like Ibrahim Adil Shah II.