The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
In a parliamentary democracy, the Parliament is divided into the ruling party (or coalition) and the Opposition. The Opposition consists of elected representatives who are not members of the ruling government. Their primary function is to ensure accountability, uphold democratic checks and balances, and provide an alternative viewpoint to the electorate.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Opposition is formed by all political parties that do not belong to the majority party or the ruling coalition. These parties sit on the side of the house opposite to the government and function collectively or individually to scrutinize the executive.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The role of the Opposition is not restricted only to preventing the passing of bills. While they may oppose legislation they deem detrimental, they also cooperate on bills of national importance. Their broader role includes debating policies, demanding accountability, and participating in parliamentary committees. Obstruction is a tool, not the sole purpose.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Opposition plays a critical role in a healthy democracy by highlighting drawbacks, inefficiencies, or authoritarian tendencies in government policies. By mobilizing popular support and shaping public opinion, they ensure the government remains responsive to the needs of the people.
Key Takeaway: The Opposition in a parliamentary system serves as a check on the executive by criticizing policies and suggesting alternatives, rather than merely obstructing legislative business. It represents the voice of the minority and ensures democratic accountability.