The correct option is (c).
Explanation
The mechanism of the Indian Monsoon is primarily driven by the differential heating and cooling of land and water, creating significant pressure gradients. During the summer solstice, the apparent movement of the sun shifts the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) northwards, establishing a thermal low over the Indian subcontinent.
Statement 1 is Correct:
By early June, the continuous heating of the landmass causes the low-pressure conditions over the northern plains to intensify significantly. This low-pressure trough becomes the focal point for atmospheric circulation in the region.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Atmospheric pressure principles dictate that air moves from high pressure to low pressure. Therefore, the intense low pressure over the northern plains attracts the trade winds of the southern hemisphere. Specifically, it draws the South-East Trade Winds across the equator. Due to the Coriolis force, these winds deflect to the right after crossing the equator and enter the Indian peninsula as the South-West Monsoon.
Statement 3 is Correct:
The onset of the South-West Monsoon brings a drastic and sudden change in weather conditions, often termed the "burst" of the monsoon. The hot and dry weather is replaced by high humidity, cloud cover, and heavy rainfall.
Key Takeaway:
The Indian Summer Monsoon is initiated when the intense low pressure over Northern India attracts the South-East Trade Winds from the Southern Hemisphere, which subsequently cross the equator and transform into the South-West Monsoon winds.