The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The constitutional history of Nepal reflects a transition from a monarchy to a federal democratic republic, characterized by the promulgation of multiple constitutions over several decades.
- Statement 1 is Correct: Nepal has witnessed a high frequency of constitutional changes. Since 1948, the country has had multiple constitutions, specifically in the years 1948, 1951, 1959, 1962, 1990, and the Interim Constitution of 2007, culminating in the 2015 Constitution.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The 1990 Constitution was not drafted by a popularly elected constituent assembly. It was promulgated by King Birendra following the 1990 People's Movement (Jana Andolan I). It established a constitutional monarchy and multiparty democracy but was drafted by a commission appointed by the King, not by an assembly elected by the people for that specific purpose. The demand for a Constituent Assembly was realized later, leading to the 2008 elections.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The Constitution of Nepal, 2015, was adopted by the second Constituent Assembly. This occurred after the monarchy was abolished in 2008 and Nepal formally emerged as a Federal Democratic Republic. It replaced the Interim Constitution of 2007.
Key Takeaway: The 1990 Constitution of Nepal established a constitutional monarchy and was drafted by a commission, whereas the 2015 Constitution was the first to be adopted by a popularly elected Constituent Assembly in a Federal Democratic Republic.