The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The
Mansabdari system was the administrative and military framework of the Mughal Empire, introduced by Akbar. Every officer was assigned a rank (
mansab), which determined their status, salary, and military obligations. The rank was divided into
Zat (personal status) and
Sawar (cavalry contingent).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: A Mansabdar was strictly required to maintain a specified number of sawar or cavalrymen based on their rank. The Sawar rank indicated the number of horsemen the Mansabdar had to maintain for the state's service.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While the Mansabdar was responsible for paying his troops, he did not do so from private personal wealth unrelated to his office. Instead, he received a consolidated salary from the state (either in cash, known as Naqdi, or through land revenue assignments, known as Jagirs). This salary was calculated to cover both his personal expenses and the cost of maintaining the required military contingent. Thus, the funds were ultimately provided by the state.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: To prevent fraud and ensure the quality of the cavalry, the Mughal administration enforced a strict system of inspections. This included Chehra (descriptive rolls of every soldier) and Dagh (branding of horses). Mansabdars had to present their cavalry for regular muster (inspection) to draw their salaries and allowances.
Key Takeaway: The Mansabdari system integrated civil and military administration; officers were paid by the state (via cash or Jagirs) to maintain a specific number of troops, subject to strict audits through the
Dagh and
Chehra systems.