The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The Constitution of India distributes legislative powers between the Parliament and State Legislatures through the Seventh Schedule. The authority to enact laws on specific subjects depends on whether the subject is enumerated in the Union List, State List, or Concurrent List.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Under the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, 'Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries' is listed as Entry 6 in the State List (List II). Therefore, laws regarding sanitation and health facilities for a state are primarily made by the State Legislature (Legislative Assembly), not exclusively by the Parliament of India. Parliament legislates on these matters only for Union Territories or under specific extraordinary circumstances (e.g., under Article 249 or 250).
- Statement 2 is Correct. In a parliamentary democracy, the legislature (Legislative Assembly) is responsible for enacting laws, while the executive branch is responsible for their enforcement. Once a law is passed, its implementation is carried out by various government departments and administrative agencies functioning under the respective ministries.
Key Takeaway: Public health and sanitation are subjects within the exclusive domain of the State Legislature (State List), and the administrative implementation of these laws is the function of the executive departments.