Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The Laurchanda (or Chandayana) paintings are illustrated manuscripts based on the Sufi romance written by Mulla Daud. These paintings are significant examples of the Sultanate School of Painting (specifically the Chaurapanchasika group), which flourished in North India during the 15th and 16th centuries, prior to the consolidation of the Mughal style.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Laurchanda manuscripts are definitive examples of the Sultanate School of Painting. This style represents a transition between the earlier Jain/Apabhramsha style and the later Mughal and Rajput styles. Key features include the use of vibrant colors, profile faces (often with the "protruding eye" trait in earlier phases), and specific architectural details typical of the Sultanate period.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The text is a Sufi Masnavi. While the surface narrative depicts the romantic love story of Laur and Chanda, it is deeply imbued with spiritual undertones. In Sufi literature, the earthly romance serves as an allegory for the soul's journey toward the Divine. Therefore, it is not strictly secular or devoid of spiritual meaning.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: These paintings are miniature illustrations on paper, not cloth paintings using the Kalamkari technique. The Sultanate period is noted for the increasing use of paper for manuscripts, replacing palm leaves. Kalamkari is a distinct tradition of hand-painted or block-printed cotton textiles, primarily associated with the Andhra region.
Key Takeaway: The Laurchanda paintings belong to the Sultanate School (Chaurapanchasika style), characterized by a synthesis of indigenous and Persian elements, and serve as a Sufi allegorical text rather than a purely secular narrative.