The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text and holds significant linguistic importance as part of the Indo-European language family. Its composition predates the standardization of the language found in later literature.
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Rigveda is composed in Old or Vedic Sanskrit. This represents an archaic form of the language, distinct from later forms used in epics and classical literature.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Vedic Sanskrit is not identical to the Sanskrit taught in schools today. The Sanskrit generally taught in modern academic settings is Classical Sanskrit, which was standardized by grammarians like Panini (in the Ashtadhyayi) much later. Vedic Sanskrit differs significantly from Classical Sanskrit in terms of vocabulary, grammar, and the use of tonal accents.
Key Takeaway: The language of the Vedas is Vedic Sanskrit, which is an older, more fluid form of the language compared to the standardized Classical Sanskrit used in later texts and modern study.