The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The office of the Speaker is a pivotal position in India's parliamentary democracy, responsible for regulating the proceedings of the Lok Sabha. Its origins and functions are deeply rooted in the evolution of the parliamentary system in India during British rule and the subsequent adoption of the Westminster model.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The institution of the Speaker was not an original innovation of the Constituent Assembly. The office originated in India in 1921 under the provisions of the Government of India Act of 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford Reforms). At that time, the Speaker was known as the President of the Central Legislative Assembly. Frederick Whyte and Vithalbhai Patel were the first appointed and elected Speakers (Presidents), respectively.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The office of the Speaker in India is adapted from the British Constitution (Westminster model). Similar to the Speaker of the House of Commons in the UK, the Speaker in India is the presiding officer of the Lower House, tasked with maintaining order, interpreting rules, and protecting the privileges of the House.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Indian Speaker is not adapted from the United States Constitution. In the US system, the Speaker of the House of Representatives is an active party leader who participates in debates and voting to advance their party's agenda. In contrast, the Indian Speaker (following the British model) is expected to function as a neutral arbiter during proceedings.
Key Takeaway:
The institution of the Speaker in India originated under the Government of India Act, 1919, and is modeled on the Speaker of the British House of Commons.