The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The 'Indigenous Style' of painting, often referred to as the Chaurpanchashika Group or Kulhadar Group, represents a distinct tradition of miniature painting prevalent in North India (Delhi-Jaipur-Agra region) during the 15th and early 16th centuries. It serves as a stylistic link between the earlier Western Indian (Jain) manuscript tradition and the later Rajasthani and Mughal schools.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct. The Indigenous style represents a tradition that flourished before the formal establishment of the Rajasthani court styles (which emerged prominently in the late 16th and 17th centuries) and the Mughal school. It is considered the immediate precursor to the Early Rajput or Rajasthani styles, particularly influencing the Malwa and Mewar schools.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect. The Chaurpanchashika (Fifty Stanzas of Secret Love) and the early Gita Govinda manuscripts are the hallmark examples of this Pre-Mughal Indigenous style (dated roughly between 1500-1550 AD). They are not examples of the Late Mughal style, which developed much later (18th century) and is characterized by different aesthetics such as excessive shading and perspective.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The style is characterized by the use of transparent veils (odhanis) and scarves that stand out stiffly (ballooning effect), rather than heavy, opaque fabrics. Furthermore, the style is known for its vigorous lines and energetic composition, contradicting the idea of a "lack of movement." The figures are angular with sharp features, and the clothing (especially the sash and veil ends) is depicted with dynamic, albeit stylized, projection.
Key Takeaway:
The Chaurpanchashika Group (Indigenous Style) is a Pre-Mughal tradition characterized by flat color backgrounds (often red), profile faces, and transparent, stiffly projecting veils, serving as the foundation for early Rajasthani miniature paintings.