The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The bronze icons of the Chola period (9th-13th century CE) are considered masterpieces of Indian metal art, created using the Cire Perdue or lost-wax technique. The most iconic representation is that of Shiva as Nataraja (Lord of the Dance), depicting the cosmic dance of creation and destruction (Ananda Tandava).
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: In the Nataraja iconography, Shiva is depicted balancing himself on his right leg. The leg is slightly bent at the knee, suppressing the demon beneath, while the left leg is raised across the body in the Bhujangatrasita stance (kicking away the veil of illusion).
- Statement 2 is Correct: The figure is not shown standing on a plain lotus pedestal alone; rather, the right foot is firmly planted on the back of the dwarf demon Apasmara (also known as Muyalaka), who symbolizes ignorance and forgetfulness. The suppression of the demon represents the triumph of knowledge over ignorance.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The specific attributes held in the hands are distinct. The upper right hand holds the damaru (drum), which signifies the sound of creation. The upper left hand holds Agni (fire), symbolizing destruction. The lower right hand is in Abhaya Mudra (gesture of fearlessness), and the lower left hand points towards the raised left foot.
Key Takeaway: The Chola Nataraja symbolizes the cosmic cycle: the damaru represents creation (srishti), the fire represents destruction (samhara), the hand in Abhaya Mudra offers protection (sthiti), the foot on Apasmara symbolizes obscuration (tirobhava), and the raised foot represents liberation (anugraha).