The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Hot Weather Season in India (March to May) is characterized by the northward migration of the sun, resulting in rising temperatures. However, the magnitude of this temperature rise varies significantly across the subcontinent due to geographical factors such as altitude and distance from the sea.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Temperatures in Peninsular India remain significantly lower than in Northern India during the summer. While the northern plains often experience temperatures ranging from 40°C to 45°C (sometimes exceeding 48°C), the temperatures in Peninsular India generally hover between 26°C and 32°C. The isotherms in the south run parallel to the coast, indicating a distinct temperature pattern compared to the north.
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The lower temperatures in Peninsular India are due to the presence of oceanic influence, not its absence. The Peninsular region is surrounded by the Arabian Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Bay of Bengal. This maritime location exerts a moderating effect on the climate, preventing extreme temperature spikes. In contrast, Northern India experiences extreme heat because of its continental location, far removed from the moderating influence of the sea.
Key Takeaway:
Peninsular India experiences a maritime climate with moderate temperatures due to the influence of the surrounding oceans, whereas Northern India experiences a continental climate with extreme summer heat due to its distance from the sea.