The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the prehistoric Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period. It exhibits the earliest traces of human life in India and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Bhimbetka rock shelters are located in the Raisen District of Madhya Pradesh, situated in the foothills of the Vindhya Range. They lie approximately 45 kilometers south of Bhopal.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The area is not an arid desert. It is characterized by thick forests and rich vegetation, often associated with the Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary. The presence of perennial water supplies, natural shelters, and abundant flora and fauna made it a suitable habitat for prehistoric people.
- Statement 3 is Correct: According to standard archaeological surveys, the Bhimbetka group includes approximately eight hundred rock shelters, out of which roughly five hundred bear paintings. These paintings depict the everyday life of the people who lived there, including hunting, dancing, and animal figures.
Key Takeaway:
Bhimbetka is located in the Vindhya ranges of Madhya Pradesh within a forested environment, not a desert. It houses one of the largest collections of prehistoric rock art in the world.