The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
A Constitution is a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed. In political theory, the primary function of a constitution is to provide a set of basic rules that allow for minimal coordination amongst members of a society.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: One of the fundamental functions of a constitution is to allow for coordination and assurance. In a diverse society, members may have differences of opinion, but they require a set of agreed-upon basic rules to live together. The constitution provides these rules to facilitate coordination, rather than preventing it.
- Statement 2 is Correct: For coordination to be effective, it is not enough for rules to simply exist; they must be known to all members and enforceable. The constitution provides assurance that others will follow these rules, because if they do not, they will be punished. This enforceability creates the trust necessary for social cooperation.
- Statement 3 is Correct: A constitution specifies the basic allocation of power in a society. It decides who has the authority to make laws and how the government will be constituted. For example, in the Indian Constitution, Parliament is empowered to enact laws, and the Constitution defines how Parliament is formed.
Key Takeaway: The core functions of a constitution include facilitating social coordination through enforceable rules, specifying the allocation of decision-making power, limiting the powers of government, and fulfilling the aspirations of society.