Correct Option
The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Constitutions serve multiple distinct functions in a political system. While traditional constitutional theory emphasizes the restriction of state power to protect individual liberty (the third function), modern constitutions often include a "Fourth Function." This function is enabling in nature, empowering the government to take positive measures to fulfill the collective aspirations of society and establish a just social order.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Limiting the government strictly to police functions (maintenance of law and order) reflects the classical liberal concept of a "night-watchman state." This pertains to the third function of a constitution, which focuses on setting limits on government power (e.g., through Fundamental Rights). The Fourth Function is contrary to this; it expands the government's role to include welfare and developmental responsibilities.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The primary objective of the Fourth Function is to provide the government with the capacity and framework to create conditions for a just society. It allows the state to intervene in socio-economic matters to address historical injustices, poverty, and inequality.
- Statement 3 is Correct: In the Indian Constitution, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) exemplify this Fourth Function. They provide a mandate for the State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people, guiding the government to pursue goals such as social justice, economic equity, and universal education.
Key Takeaway
The "Fourth Function" of a constitution transforms the document from a mere restraining instrument into an enabling framework, allowing the state to actively pursue social justice and the collective good.