Correct Option
The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The Jats were prosperous agriculturists who consolidated their power during the late 17th and 18th centuries, capitalizing on the declining authority of the Mughal Empire. Under leaders like Churaman and Suraj Mal, they established an autonomous kingdom with its center at Bharatpur.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Jats consolidated their power in the areas immediately to the west of the Yamuna. By the mid-18th century, they exercised dominance over the strategic region situated between the two imperial cities of Delhi and Agra. Their control over this area allowed them to influence trade and politics significantly.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Jats did not avoid fortifications; rather, they were prolific builders. They built several forts in their territories. The Lohagarh Fort (Iron Fort) at Bharatpur, built by Maharaja Suraj Mal, is a prime example. It was constructed using traditional styles but was heavily fortified with thick mud walls that were remarkably resistant to artillery and sieges.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Jat state at Bharatpur was not dismantled by the British in 1750. In fact, the Jat power reached its zenith under Suraj Mal (ruled 1756–1763), who is often described as the "Plato of the Jat tribe." The British conflict with Bharatpur occurred much later, notably during the siege by Lord Lake in 1805 and the eventual capture in 1826.
Key Takeaway
Maharaja Suraj Mal was the most significant ruler of the Jat kingdom, consolidating power around the Delhi-Agra region and constructing the impregnable Lohagarh Fort at Bharatpur during the mid-18th century.