The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The Rigvedic society was organized as a tribal polity where the economy was predominantly pastoral and redistributive. Warfare was frequent, primarily for the acquisition of cattle and wealth. The distribution of war spoils (booty) was a collective activity governed by tribal customs rather than the exclusive prerogative of the chief.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The wealth obtained from battles was not kept exclusively by the leaders (Rajas). The Rigvedic Raja was a tribal chief with limited authority, not an absolute monarch. He retained a share of the booty but was obligated to redistribute the rest among the community.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A portion of the wealth was given to the priests (Purohitas). Priests played a vital role in the tribal structure by performing rituals to ensure victory in battles. In return, they received generous gifts (dana), which typically consisted of cows and female slaves.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Some wealth was used for the performance of Yajnas (sacrifices). Offerings were made to gods such as Indra and Agni to seek blessings for prosperity and future victories. The remaining wealth was distributed among the common people (jana).
Key Takeaway:
The Rigvedic economy relied on a system of redistribution where war spoils were shared among the Raja, the priests, and the general tribesmen, with specific allocations for religious rituals, preventing the exclusive accumulation of wealth by the chief.