The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
Prehistoric rock paintings, particularly those from the Mesolithic period found in sites like Bhimbetka, serve as a visual record of the lifestyle, environment, and artistic expression of early humans. These paintings primarily focus on hunting scenes, community activities, and the natural world.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The human figures in these paintings are frequently depicted in dynamic poses, engaged in activities such as hunting, dancing, and rituals. They appear adventurous and full of vitality, often shown rejoicing in their daily lives and communal existence.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Animals are rarely depicted as weak or submissive. On the contrary, they are often illustrated as majestic, powerful, and sometimes larger than the human figures. The artists portrayed animals with great detail and respect, emphasizing their strength and agility, even in scenes depicting hunts.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Early humans used primitive tools, such as brushes made from plant fibers and pigments derived from minerals like hematite and charcoal. Despite these limitations, the paintings demonstrate a distinct pictorial quality, characterized by rhythmic movement, balanced composition, and enduring aesthetic appeal.
Key Takeaway:
Prehistoric art reflects a worldview where humans are dynamic and adventurous, while animals are revered for their power and majesty; the artistic execution remains sophisticated despite the primitive tools used.