The correct option is
1 only
Explanation
The Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) was the catalyst for the Civil Disobedience Movement. It was a direct action campaign launched by Mahatma Gandhi against the British salt monopoly, symbolizing the refusal to live under British rule.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Before launching the march, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Lord Irwin on March 2, 1930. In this letter, he outlined his "Eleven Points" of administrative reform and stated that if these demands were not met, he would proceed to violate the salt laws. The Viceroy ignored the ultimatum, prompting Gandhi to proceed with the march.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The historic march began from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad on March 12, 1930, and concluded at Dandi, a coastal village in the Navsari district of Gujarat. Gandhi vowed not to return to Sabarmati Ashram until Swaraj was attained. Wardha (Sevagram) became his headquarters much later, in the mid-1930s.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The Salt Satyagraha was not confined to Gandhi's route. It was designed to trigger a nationwide movement. Parallel salt marches were organized across the country by other leaders. For example, C. Rajagopalachari led a march from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam in Tamil Nadu, and K. Kelappan led a march from Calicut to Payyanur in Malabar.
Key Takeaway:
The Dandi March was a carefully planned political strategy that began with a formal ultimatum to the Viceroy and was intended to spark simultaneous pan-Indian civil disobedience through parallel marches and law-breaking activities.