The correct option is (b).
Explanation
The Harappan civilization possessed a diverse agricultural base. Agriculture was the backbone of the Indus Valley economy, supported by fertile alluvial soil and irrigation techniques. The crops grown included cereals, pulses, and oilseeds.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Wheat and barley were the staple food crops of the Harappan people. Archaeological evidence from sites like Mehrgarh, Harappa, and Mohenjodaro confirms the extensive cultivation of various varieties of wheat and barley.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The Harappans cultivated a variety of pulses, including lentils, chickpeas, and green gram. Field peas have also been identified in the archaeological remains.
- Statement 3 is Correct: While wheat and barley were the primary crops, rice cultivation was practiced in specific regions, particularly in Gujarat. Remains of rice husks have been discovered at Lothal and Rangpur.
- Statement 4 is Correct: The civilization cultivated oilseeds such as sesame, linseed, and mustard. These were likely used for dietary purposes and oil extraction.
Key Takeaway:
The primary crops of the Indus Valley Civilization were wheat and barley. However, the agricultural basket was diverse, including pulses, peas, oilseeds (sesame, mustard), and regionally specific crops like rice (in Lothal and Rangpur) and cotton.